$$\frac{d \mathbf{u}_\mathbf{q}}{d t} =- i \mathbf{q} p_\mathbf{q} -\nu q^2 \mathbf{u}_\mathbf{q} +\mathbf{g}_\mathbf{q}$$ $$\mathbf{q} \cdot \mathbf{u}_\mathbf{q} = 0$$
$\mathbf{u}_\mathbf{q}$ should be computed on a mesh (hence, use a mesh)
A compromise: use both, Particle-in-Cell style (also, pFEM v2.0)
doi: 10.1142/S021987621850130X